Igor Kotler
Kazakhstan’s post-Soviet nation-building process has been accompanied by significant tensions concerning ethnicity, language, national identity, and the social and political position of minority communities. The transition from Soviet rule to an independent Kazakhstani state fundamentally altered the relationship between the titular Kazakh majority and the country’s large non-Kazakh population. Although the most visible forms of ethnic conflict have generally been episodic rather than continuous, the underlying tensions have persisted through changing political and social circumstances.